The long-tailed manakin is a species of bird in the family Pipridae native to Central America where it inhabits both wet and dry tropical and subtropical forests. It is a small, plump bird about 10 centimetres (4 in) long. Males have black plumage with a blue back and a red crown, and the two central tail feathers are greatly elongated. Females and juveniles are olive-green with paler underparts. At breeding time, males are involved in a cooperative lekking behaviour with a complex coordinated courtship dance. This is a fairly common species with a wide range, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".
Region
Central America
Typical Environment
Occurs from southern Mexico through Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica into western Panama. It inhabits tropical and subtropical forests, including both moist and seasonally dry types, and uses forest edges and mature second growth. The species often persists in shaded agroforestry such as shade-coffee plantations. It favors dense understory with scattered perches used for display and feeding.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1500 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Males perform remarkable cooperative lek displays in synchronized pairs, with coordinated hops, bowing, and wing snaps to attract females. Only the dominant male usually mates, while the beta male may later inherit the display site. The male’s two elongated central tail feathers form elegant streamers. Females build the nest and rear the young alone.
Temperament
secretive in the understory but conspicuous at leks
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with low, undulating flights
Social Behavior
Males gather at traditional leks where an alpha and beta male perform tightly synchronized dances and duets. Females choose mates based on these displays, then nest solitarily in a small cup placed low in shrubs or small trees. Clutches are typically two eggs, and only the female incubates and feeds the young.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Famous for a clear, ringing two-note 'to-le-do' call, often delivered antiphonally by displaying males. Displays are accompanied by wing snaps and other mechanical sounds. Additional thin whistles and soft notes occur in contact and courtship.
