The yellow-shouldered blackbird, known in Puerto Rican Spanish as mariquita de Puerto Rico or capitán, is a species of blackbird endemic to Puerto Rico. It has black plumage with a prominent yellow patch on the wing. Adult males and females are of similar appearance. The species is predominantly insectivorous.
Region
Caribbean
Typical Environment
Occurs in coastal and lowland areas of Puerto Rico, especially in dry forests, mangroves, coastal scrub, and lagoons. It favors edges of mangrove stands, thorny thickets, and open areas with scattered palms. Nesting frequently occurs in cavities of royal palms and in artificial nest boxes. Populations are fragmented, with strongholds in the island’s southwest and on Mona Island. Proximity to human structures is not uncommon where conservation measures are in place.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 200 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Endemic to Puerto Rico, this blackbird is threatened primarily by habitat loss and brood parasitism by the shiny cowbird. Targeted conservation, including cowbird control and nest-box programs, has helped some subpopulations. It often nests in cavities of palms or man‑made structures near coastal habitats. Adults are similar in appearance, both showing the characteristic yellow shoulder patch.
Puerto Rican dry forest in the island of Caja de Muertos off the southern coast of Puerto Rico, habitat of the yellow-shouldered blackbird.
Critical habitat in southwest Puerto Rico for the yellow-shouldered blackbird
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
direct flight with short rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Often forms small flocks outside the breeding season and may nest semi-colonially. Pairs defend nest sites vigorously, especially against brood parasites. Both sexes participate in feeding the young, and nest success improves with predator and cowbird control.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Song consists of sharp, metallic notes and buzzy whistles delivered from exposed perches. Calls include chattering and harsh check notes typical of icterids.
