Region

Central America and northern South America

Typical Environment

Occurs from southern Mexico through Central America into Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and much of Amazonian Brazil, extending into parts of Peru and Bolivia. It favors mature lowland and foothill tropical forests, but also uses forest edges, riverine corridors, and tall secondary growth. The species typically hunts along openings, canopy gaps, and over streams, often perching quietly within the mid to upper canopy. It is largely resident wherever suitable forest remains, with local densities varying by habitat quality.

Altitude Range

Sea level to 1500 m

Climate Zone

Tropical

Temperament

solitary and territorial

Flight Pattern

soaring glider with occasional powerful flaps

Social Behavior

Typically encountered singly or in pairs that maintain territories in extensive forest. Pairs nest high in large trees, building a substantial stick nest and laying a small clutch, commonly one to two eggs. Both adults share incubation and chick-rearing duties, and they often perch quietly for long periods while hunting.

Migratory Pattern

Resident

Song Description

Vocalizations are clear, piercing whistles and squeals, often repeated at intervals while soaring or near the nest. Calls can carry over long distances through the forest canopy and may accelerate in a short series during territorial displays.