The Somali pigeon or Somali stock dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Somalia. Because there has hardly been any research on the species, the health of the population is uncertain; however, it is believed that the species is relatively rare. The IUCN Redlist identified a possible threat to the species from the speckled pigeon. C. oliviae is found mostly on the ground, where it often forages, most frequently in rock along arid coasts.
Region
Horn of Africa
Typical Environment
This species is confined to arid and semi-arid parts of northern Somalia, typically around rocky coastal headlands, cliffs, and inland escarpments. It uses ledges, crevices, and caves for roosting and likely for nesting. Foraging takes place on open ground, stony plains, and sparsely vegetated slopes with scattered shrubs. It generally avoids dense settlements but may occur near small villages or water points. The species is easily missed due to its unobtrusive behavior and the remoteness of much of its range.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1500 m
Climate Zone
Arid
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The Somali pigeon, also called the Somali stock dove, is a little-known endemic of northern Somalia that favors rocky coasts and inland escarpments. It often forages on the ground near cliffs and rock outcrops and may be overlooked where it occurs alongside the larger, more conspicuous speckled pigeon. Competition or displacement by the speckled pigeon has been suggested as a potential threat. Because survey effort has been minimal, its true population size and distribution remain poorly understood.
Temperament
shy and wary
Flight Pattern
direct flight with rapid wingbeats; capable of strong dashes between cliffs and feeding areas
Social Behavior
Usually encountered singly, in pairs, or in small groups. Likely monogamous with simple twig platforms placed on cliff ledges or in crevices. Roosts communally on sheltered rock faces and ledges. Breeding timing is poorly documented.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A low, rolling series of coos typical of pigeons, delivered from a perch or cliff ledge. Calls are soft and easily lost in windy coastal or escarpment habitats.
Plumage
A plain, medium-sized pigeon with mostly grey plumage, slightly darker head and tail, and a subtle iridescent sheen on the neck. The wings are largely unpatterned and the tail shows a broad darker terminal band.
Diet
Feeds primarily on seeds and small grains picked from the ground, including those of grasses and arid-zone shrubs. It may also take small berries or fallen fruits when available. Foraging is deliberate, with birds walking and pecking among stones and sparse vegetation. Visits water sources when available, especially during the dry season.
Preferred Environment
Ground foraging in rocky plains, coastal headlands, and sparsely vegetated slopes near cliffs. Often keeps close to rock outcrops and escarpments that provide quick access to cover and roosts.
