Region

Southern China and Northern Indochina

Typical Environment

Found in southern China (especially Yunnan and adjacent provinces), southeastern Myanmar, northern Laos, and northern Vietnam. It inhabits subtropical evergreen and broadleaf montane forests, forest edges, and dense secondary growth. Birds often keep to the mid-story and understory, weaving through bamboo and thickets. It tolerates moderate disturbance but remains most common in mature forest with dense shrub layers.

Altitude Range

800–2600 m

Climate Zone

Subtropical

Temperament

social and active

Flight Pattern

short rapid wingbeats between perches, generally low and within cover

Social Behavior

Usually found in small groups or pairs and commonly joins mixed-species foraging flocks. Nests are typically placed low in dense vegetation, with both parents participating in care. Territories are maintained with soft calls and chattering displays rather than overt aggression.

Migratory Pattern

Resident

Song Description

A soft, cheerful series of whistles and thin trills, interspersed with chipping contact notes. Calls are high-pitched and quick, helping birds keep in contact while moving through dense foliage.

Diet

Feeds primarily on small insects and other arthropods gleaned from leaves, twigs, and moss. Also consumes small berries, seeds, and occasionally nectar when available. Foraging is methodical and continuous, often while moving with mixed flocks.

Preferred Environment

Forages in the understory and mid-story of montane evergreen forest, along bamboo stands, and at forest edges. Often uses vine tangles and dense shrubs for cover while feeding.