The Zapata sparrow is a medium-sized grey and yellow bird that lives in the grasslands of the Zapata Swamp and elsewhere on the island of Cuba. Measuring about 16.5 centimetres (6.5 in) in length, it is grey and yellow overall with a dark reddish-brown crown and olive-grey upperparts.
Region
Caribbean
Typical Environment
Prefers dense low vegetation including extensive sawgrass marshes, coastal xeric scrub, and open pine savanna with shrub understory. Often keeps close to the ground or within knee‑high cover, moving through clumps of grass and shrubs. Uses mangrove edges and sandy scrub on cays where available. Nests are placed low in shrubs or dense grasses, taking advantage of thick cover for concealment.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 200 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
This Cuban endemic is the only member of its genus and occurs in three distinctive subspecies adapted to different habitats across the island. It occupies sawgrass marsh, coastal scrub, and pine savannas, showing unusual ecological flexibility for a sparrow. Habitat loss, fire, and development on coastal cays threaten some populations. Its rich, varied song carries well over grassy flats at dawn.
Temperament
secretive and territorial
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats, low and direct over vegetation
Social Behavior
Usually found singly or in pairs, especially during the breeding season when it defends small territories. Pairs build well-concealed nests low in grasses or shrubs. Outside breeding, small loose groups may form in suitable feeding areas.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A rich, melodious series of warbles and chips with buzzy notes, delivered from low perches or within grass clumps. Calls include sharp tsip notes used for contact and alarm.
