The yellow-eyed junco is a species of junco, a group of small New World sparrows.
Region
Southwestern United States and Mexican Highlands
Typical Environment
Occurs in the 'Sky Islands' of southeastern Arizona and adjacent southwestern New Mexico, and widely through the highlands of Mexico south to northern Central America (including Guatemala). It inhabits pine-oak woodlands, mixed conifer forests, and forest edges, especially where there are open understories and small clearings. It also uses roadsides, picnic areas, and brushy slopes near forests. Winter movements may bring birds to slightly lower elevations, but they generally remain in montane habitats throughout the year.
Altitude Range
1500–3700 m
Climate Zone
Highland
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The yellow-eyed junco is a distinctive New World sparrow, easily recognized by its bright yellow to orange-yellow irises. It is closely related to the dark-eyed junco but favors higher-elevation pine-oak and conifer forests. Outside the breeding season it forms small flocks and often forages tamely around mountain picnic areas and trails. Nests are usually placed on or near the ground, tucked into banks, grass clumps, or under logs.
Mount Lemmon, Arizona
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats, low and direct over the ground
Social Behavior
Outside the breeding season it forages in small, loose flocks on the ground, flicking its tail to reveal white outer feathers. During breeding it is territorial; pairs nest on or near the ground in well-concealed cup nests. Clutches typically contain 3–5 eggs, and both parents feed the young. Two broods may be raised where conditions allow.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
The song is a rapid, dry trill or series of tinkling notes, often delivered from a low perch. Calls include sharp tick and chip notes used in contact and alarm.
