Region

Western North America

Typical Environment

Breeds on large freshwater lakes and marshes across western interior North America from British Columbia and the Prairie Provinces through the western United States to parts of northern Mexico. In winter it moves to coastal waters of the Pacific, including bays, estuaries, and sheltered nearshore zones, and also uses large inland reservoirs. Prefers broad expanses of open water with adjacent emergent vegetation for nesting. Uses human-made water bodies where habitat is suitable.

Altitude Range

Sea level to 2500 m

Climate Zone

Temperate

Temperament

social and wary

Flight Pattern

direct, low over water with rapid wingbeats; reluctant to fly

Social Behavior

Often nests colonially on floating platforms anchored in emergent vegetation; both sexes build the nest. Pairs perform synchronized courtship displays, including the famous ‘rushing’ across the water. Adults carry young on their backs for warmth and protection in the first weeks post-hatch.

Migratory Pattern

Seasonal migrant

Song Description

Vocalizations include loud, rolling ‘kreeeek’ and ‘krik’ calls, often given in duets during courtship or territorial displays. On breeding lakes, calls carry over long distances. Generally quiet while wintering on coastal waters.

Diet

Primarily piscivorous, taking small to medium fish such as perch and minnows captured by pursuit dives. Also consumes crustaceans and aquatic insects when available. Uses quick underwater chases and its long neck to seize prey, sometimes hunting cooperatively in loose groups.

Preferred Environment

Feeds on open water of lakes, reservoirs, and coastal bays, often over areas with schooling fish. Forages away from dense vegetation, diving from the surface and resurfacing some distance away.