Region

Northwest Pacific

Typical Environment

Breeds along rocky coasts and offshore islands from the Russian Far East (Sea of Okhotsk, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands, Sakhalin) south to northern Japan and the Korean Peninsula. It favors rugged shorelines, sea cliffs, and talus slopes with abundant crevices for nesting. Outside the breeding season, it remains mostly nearshore, shifting slightly southward but staying in cold to cool temperate waters. Birds are often seen around harbors, breakwaters, and kelp-lined coves.

Altitude Range

Sea level to 100 m

Climate Zone

Temperate

Temperament

social and active

Flight Pattern

short rapid wingbeats, low over water

Social Behavior

Breeds in loose colonies or scattered pairs on rocky islands and coastal cliffs. Nests are placed deep in crevices or under boulders, with both parents incubating and feeding the chick. Typically lays 1–2 eggs and shows strong site fidelity across years.

Migratory Pattern

Partial migrant

Song Description

Gives high, thin whistles and piping calls, especially at colonies. Soft trills and squeaky notes are used in courtship and pair contact.

Diet

Takes small fish such as sand lances, sculpins, and gobies, along with marine invertebrates including crustaceans and mollusks. It pursues prey underwater, using its wings to ‘fly’ through the water column. Foraging dives are typically near the seabed around reefs and boulders. Prey is often brought to the surface and swallowed whole.

Preferred Environment

Shallow nearshore waters with rocky substrates, kelp beds, and reefs. Frequently forages along headlands, in coves, and around man-made structures like piers and breakwaters.