The orange-breasted falcon is a Near Threatened bird of prey in the family Falconidae, the falcons and caracaras. It is found in southern Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Panama, and either definitely or probably in every South American country except Chile and Uruguay.
Region
Central and South America
Typical Environment
Occurs from southern Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, and Panama, and patchily across much of northern and central South America east of the Andes, including the Amazon and Guianas. It favors humid lowland to foothill forests with nearby cliffs, canyons, or steep escarpments for nesting. Frequently found along major rivers and forest edges where aerial prey is abundant. The species is typically local and uncommon throughout its range, with isolated breeding territories separated by large distances.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1500 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
This elusive falcon inhabits tropical forests from southern Mexico through much of Central America and patchily across northern and central South America. It closely resembles the smaller Bat Falcon but is larger with a richer orange underparts. Pairs typically nest on cliff ledges overlooking forested valleys or rivers, rarely using large emergent trees. Its scarcity and patchy distribution make it a sought-after species for birders and conservationists.
Falco deiroleucus adult and juvenile, illustration by Edward Neale, 1902
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
powerful flier with rapid wingbeats and high-speed stoops
Social Behavior
Typically seen singly or in pairs, maintaining large territories centered on a nest cliff. Pairs form long-term bonds and reuse traditional nest ledges. Clutch sizes are small, and both adults defend the nest vigorously.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Usually quiet away from the nest, giving sharp, piercing kak-kak or kek-kek calls when excited. Near nesting sites, calls become more frequent and harsh, especially during territorial interactions or when delivering food.
Plumage
Slate-dark upperparts with a contrasting white throat and rich orange to rufous breast and belly; underwings show dark coverts with paler flight feathers.
Diet
An aerial predator specializing in birds such as swifts, swallows, and small to medium forest birds; it also takes bats and large insects. Hunts by fast pursuit and steep stoops from high perches or cliff faces. Occasionally captures prey along river corridors where aerial prey concentrates.
Preferred Environment
Forages above forest canopies, along forest edges, and over rivers and gorges adjacent to cliffs. Often uses thermals and updrafts around escarpments to gain height before attacking.
