Region

East-Central Africa

Typical Environment

Occurs in montane and submontane forests, forest edges, and well-vegetated secondary growth across parts of Uganda, western Kenya, northern Tanzania, eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, and adjacent regions. It favors ecotones, bamboo thickets, and riparian strips within upland forests. The species adapts well to disturbed forest and overgrown clearings, provided dense cover remains. It is typically local but can be common where suitable habitat persists.

Altitude Range

900–2500 m

Climate Zone

Tropical

Temperament

skulking but vocal

Flight Pattern

short rapid wingbeats

Social Behavior

Typically found in pairs or small family groups, and frequently joins mixed-species flocks while foraging. Builds a neat cup nest in dense shrubs or low trees. Both parents are involved in incubation and feeding of the young.

Migratory Pattern

Resident

Song Description

A bright, buoyant series of fluty whistles and ringing phrases, often delivered in repetitive sequences. Calls include sharp chups and chatter when agitated, with duetting common between pairs.

Diet

Takes a mix of small fruits and invertebrates, including berries, figs, caterpillars, beetles, and spiders. Gleans methodically among leaves and twigs and occasionally sallies for flushed insects. Will exploit fruiting trees and shrubs when in season. Often forages quietly within mixed flocks, benefiting from group vigilance.

Preferred Environment

Feeds in dense mid-story and edges of montane forest, overgrown clearings, and along streamside thickets. Frequently uses secondary growth and bamboo patches. Foraging typically occurs from the understory up to mid-canopy levels.