The Hawaiian crow or ʻalalā is a species of bird in the crow family, Corvidae, that is currently extinct in the wild, though reintroduction programs are underway. It is about the size of the carrion crow at 48–50 cm (19–20 in) in length, but with more rounded wings and a much thicker bill. It has soft, brownish-black plumage and long, bristly throat feathers; the feet, legs, and bill are black. Today, the Hawaiian crow is considered the most endangered of the family Corvidae. They are recorded to have lived up to 18 years in the wild, and 28 years in captivity. Some Native Hawaiians consider the Hawaiian crow an ʻaumakua.
Region
Hawaiian Islands
Typical Environment
Historically confined to mid-elevation native forests on Hawaiʻi Island, especially koa–ʻōhiʻa dominated habitats. It used a mosaic of mesic and dry montane forest, forest edges, and older lava flows with scattered native trees. Nesting typically occurred high in large ʻōhiʻa or koa trees, with pairs defending territories. Current wild presence depends on reintroduction sites within protected native forest reserves.
Altitude Range
1000–2000 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Also called ʻalalā, the Hawaiian crow is extinct in the wild, with ongoing efforts to reintroduce captive-bred birds on Hawaiʻi Island. It is notable among corvids for sophisticated tool use demonstrated in captivity. Culturally significant to Native Hawaiians, it is regarded by some as an ʻaumakua (family guardian spirit). Individuals have lived up to 18 years in the wild and nearly three decades in captivity.
The Hawaiian crow faces an ample number of threats in the wild.
The Hawaiian crow has been extinct in the wild since 2002.
Temperament
wary but social within pairs and small family groups
Flight Pattern
short, direct flights with steady wingbeats
Social Behavior
Pairs form long-term bonds and defend territories, sometimes with helpers assisting at nests. Nests are built high in native trees and typically contain 2–3 eggs. Parents provide extended care to fledglings as they learn to forage.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Vocal repertoire includes loud, guttural caws and the characteristic ʻalalā call, along with softer croaks and whistles. Calls are used for contact, alarm, and territorial displays and can carry through dense forest.
