The great swallow-tailed swift is a species of bird in subfamily Apodinae of the swift family Apodidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua.
Region
Mesoamerica (southern Mexico to Central America)
Typical Environment
Occurs from western and southern Mexico south through Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, and into northern Costa Rica. Prefers landscapes with cliffs, canyons, and steep escarpments adjacent to dry or semi-humid forests, pine–oak woodlands, and second-growth. Often forages over forest edges, open valleys, coffee-growing areas, and above rivers where insects concentrate. Roosts and nests on vertical rock faces, in caves, and occasionally on human-made structures with suitable overhangs.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 2500 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
This large swift of Mesoamerica is an agile, high-flying insect hunter often seen scything over forested canyons and ridgelines. Its deeply forked, swallow-like tail and sharp black-and-white pattern make it distinctive in flight. It typically nests on steep rock faces or in caves, attaching saliva-cemented structures to vertical surfaces. Flocks can gather over storms or rising thermals to exploit swarms of aerial insects.
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
powerful flier with rapid, stiff wingbeats interspersed with long glides
Social Behavior
Often forages in small to medium flocks and may assemble in larger groups where insects are abundant. Nests on vertical rock walls or cave entrances; pairs are likely monogamous, with both adults attending the nest. The nest is attached to rock using saliva and plant fibers, and colonies may form where suitable sites are clustered.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Vocalizations are sharp, high-pitched chips and squeals delivered in flight, often exchanged among flock members. Calls carry well over canyons and cliff faces, especially near nesting sites.
Plumage
Glossy blackish overall with clean white areas on the throat and underparts, and a contrasting pale rump patch; wings are long and scythe-like with a very deep forked tail.
Diet
Consumes a variety of aerial insects including flies, beetles, winged ants, and termites. Captures prey entirely on the wing using swift, acrobatic maneuvers and wide-gaped sallies. Often feeds high above terrain features that concentrate insect swarms, such as ridgelines and updrafts. Takes advantage of weather fronts and rising thermals to forage efficiently.
Preferred Environment
Most often seen over open forest edges, river valleys, and canyons adjacent to cliffs and cave systems. Also forages above agricultural clearings and along mountain slopes where insect activity is high.
