The black swan or Australian swan, is a large waterbird, a species of swan which breeds mainly in the southeast and southwest regions of Australia. Within Australia, the black swan is nomadic, with erratic migration patterns dependent on climatic conditions. It is a large bird with black plumage and a red bill. It is a monogamous breeder, with both partners sharing incubation and cygnet-rearing duties.
Region
Australasia
Typical Environment
Black swans are widespread across southeastern and southwestern Australia, Tasmania, and many inland wetlands that fill after rains. They are also common in New Zealand, where reintroductions and natural dispersal have produced a large resident population. Small feral or ornamental populations occur locally in Europe, Asia, and North America. They favor large freshwater and brackish lakes, estuaries, slow rivers, and urban wetlands, often gathering in large flocks when conditions are favorable.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1500 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 2/5
The black swan is the state emblem of Western Australia and is famed for its striking contrast of black plumage with white flight feathers visible in flight. It is largely nomadic within Australia, tracking rainfall and water availability across wetlands. Pairs are strongly monogamous, often remaining together for many years, and both parents rear the cygnets. Their wingbeats produce a distinctive whooshing sound when flying.
Side view of mature adult showing characteristic "S" neck
Near Devonport, Tasmania with wings raised in an aggressive display revealing white flight feathers
Black swan skeleton (Museum of Osteology)
Adult with a cygnet in New Zealand
In flight
One of several black swans at Lake Eola Park in Orlando, Florida, USA
Rescuers with illegally shot Black swan at Leaghur State Park.
The state flag of Western Australia was officially adopted in 1870 and modified slightly in 1953.
Temperament
social and active, but territorial in breeding season
Flight Pattern
strong flier with slow, powerful wingbeats
Social Behavior
Black swans are predominantly monogamous, forming long-term pair bonds, and often breed in loose colonies. Both sexes build the nest, incubate, and care for the cygnets. Outside the breeding season they can gather in large flocks on productive wetlands, sometimes forming molting congregations.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
Calls include mellow, musical bugles and honks, along with softer whistles and grunts during social interactions. Wingbeats make a loud, rhythmic whoosh that is often heard before the birds are seen.
