The violet-green swallow is a small North American passerine bird in the swallow family. These aerial insectivores are distributed along the west coast from Alaska to Mexico, extending as far east as Montana and Texas. With an appearance very similar to the tree swallow, these individuals can be identified by the white rump side-patches that appear to separate their green back and purple tail. Violet-green swallows are secondary cavity nesters, found in a number of habitats including deciduous and coniferous forest. In addition to nesting in tree holes within these habitats, they are also widely observed nesting in the cracks of large cliffs.
Region
Western North America
Typical Environment
Breeds from Alaska and western Canada south through the western United States into the highlands of Mexico, wintering largely in Mexico and parts of Central America. Occupies open woodlands, forest edges, riparian corridors, and montane slopes with scattered trees. Frequently forages over lakes, rivers, meadows, and canyons where flying insects are abundant. Nests in secondary cavities in trees or in crevices of cliffs and buildings, and readily uses nest boxes. During migration it gathers in flocks over broad landscapes and follows insect swarms.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 3000 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
This swallow is easily recognized by its bright iridescent green back, violet rump and tail, and clean white underparts with distinctive white cheek and rump side-patches. It often nests in natural tree cavities or nest boxes, and will also use crevices in cliffs. Highly agile in flight, it spends much of its time on the wing catching insects over forests, meadows, and water. It commonly forms loose colonies and readily coexists with other swallow species.
Back and rump details
Male in California, U.S.
Female in California, U.S.
A violet-green swallow in flight
Violet-green swallow calling
Violet-green swallow with a beak full of insects
A female violet-green swallow feeding her chick from outside their tree hole nest
Violet-green swallow from The Crossley ID Guide: Eastern Birds
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
agile flier with rapid wingbeats interspersed with short glides
Social Behavior
Often forms loose colonies and roosting groups, especially during migration. Pairs are typically monogamous for the breeding season. Nests in existing cavities or nest boxes, lined with feathers and plant material; both sexes participate in provisioning the young. Will nest near other swallow species with limited aggression.
Migratory Pattern
Seasonal migrant
Song Description
Produces soft, twittering trills and high, buzzy chips given in flight and near the nest. Calls are thin and sibilant, carrying well over open spaces. Song is less musical than some passerines but persistent during courtship and territory advertisement.
