The variable hawk is a polymorphic species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.
Region
Andes Mountains and southern South America
Typical Environment
Occurs along the Andes from Ecuador and Peru through Bolivia and Chile into Argentina, extending to lowland and coastal zones in southern South America and the Falkland Islands. Prefers open country including puna grasslands, paramo, Patagonian steppe, agricultural fields, scrub, and rocky slopes. Frequently associated with cliffs, ravines, and scattered trees or fence lines that provide hunting perches. It tolerates human-modified landscapes and is often seen near ranchlands and roadsides. Local movements and elevational shifts occur in response to prey availability and weather.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 4500 m
Climate Zone
Highland
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The variable hawk is a highly polymorphic raptor, showing plumage that ranges from pale gray-and-white to nearly all dark, with a well-known red-backed morph in parts of its range. It is adaptable, occupying open habitats from Patagonian steppe to high Andean puna and even coastal cliffs. It often hunts from prominent perches or by kiting in strong winds, taking small mammals, birds, and reptiles. On islands like the Falklands it is a conspicuous resident predator.
Dark morph individual. Near Santiago
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
soaring glider
Social Behavior
Usually seen singly or in territorial pairs. Monogamous pairs nest on cliffs, rocky outcrops, or occasionally trees, building bulky stick nests. Clutches are small (often 1–3 eggs), and both adults defend the territory and provision the young.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
Vocalizations include a clear, whistled klee or keee-yeee that carries over open country. Alarm calls are sharper and repeated in rapid sequences, especially near the nest.
