The Tropical Parula is a small New World warbler. It breeds from southernmost Texas and northwest Mexico (Sonora) south through Central America to northern Argentina, including Trinidad and Tobago. This widespread and common species is not considered threatened by the IUCN.
Region
Central America and northern South America
Typical Environment
Occurs from southern Texas and northwestern Mexico south through Central America to northern Argentina, and on Trinidad and Tobago. It favors forest edges, second-growth, riparian woodland, plantations, and gardens with mature trees. Often associated with humid and semi-humid forests where epiphytes are abundant. Most populations are sedentary, with only local movements in response to food and weather.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 2500 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The Tropical Parula is a tiny, hyperactive New World warbler that forages high in the canopy, often among bromeliads and epiphytes. It shows considerable plumage variation across many subspecies, with some populations sporting a darker facial mask. Formerly placed in the genus Parula, it is now in Setophaga and is closely related to the Northern Parula. It adapts well to semi-open habitats and gardens, which helps explain its broad distribution and stable status.
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Often forages in pairs or small family groups and readily joins mixed-species flocks. Nests are typically placed in hanging epiphytes or dense foliage high in trees; the female builds a small cup and incubates while the male helps feed nestlings. Territorial singing is common during the breeding season, but outside of it the species can be quite gregarious.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A high, buzzy, rapid trill or warble that accelerates slightly, typically delivered from the canopy. Calls include thin, high tsip notes that carry surprisingly well.
