Sumba hornbill, or known natively as Julang is a large bird belonging to the family of Bucerotidae, endemic and native to the Indonesian island of Sumba. The scientific name commemorates British colonial administrator and zoological collector Alfred Hart Everett.
Region
Lesser Sunda Islands (Wallacea)
Typical Environment
Endemic to the island of Sumba, where it inhabits primary and mature secondary lowland and hill forests. It favors evergreen and semi-evergreen forest, riparian corridors, and areas with abundant fruiting trees, especially figs. The species can persist in degraded forest mosaics if large trees and fruit sources remain, but it avoids open agricultural land. It often uses forest edges and ridgelines for commuting between fruiting sites.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 950 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Also known locally as Julang, the Sumba hornbill is a key seed disperser in Sumba’s forests, especially for figs and other large-fruited trees. Like many hornbills, the female seals herself inside a tree cavity during nesting, relying on the male to deliver food through a narrow slit. The species is threatened by forest loss and hunting on its restricted island range.
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
strong flier with deep, deliberate wingbeats and occasional glides
Social Behavior
Typically seen in pairs or small family groups, forming larger gatherings at fruiting trees. Monogamous pairs nest in large tree cavities; the female seals the entrance with a plaster of mud and food remains, leaving a narrow slit. The male provisions the female and chicks until fledging.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Vocalizations include loud cackles and honking calls that carry through the canopy. Wingbeats produce a distinctive whooshing sound during flight.
