The redpoll is a species of small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is the only species placed in the genus Acanthis. It breeds in the Arctic and north temperate Holarctic tundra and taiga. The redpoll was formerly widely treated as three species: the common or mealy redpoll, the arctic or hoary redpoll, and the lesser redpoll.
Region
Holarctic
Typical Environment
Breeds across the circumpolar Arctic and boreal taiga, favoring willow and birch scrub, open conifer edges, and shrubby tundra. In winter it spreads south into temperate zones, frequenting weedy fields, alder and birch stands, coastal scrub, and human settlements. It often gathers at seed-rich sites and bird feeders. Habitat selection emphasizes areas with abundant catkins and small seeds, and shelter from severe winds. It tolerates extreme cold and uses dense vegetation for roosting.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1500 m
Climate Zone
Polar
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 2/5
Redpolls are hardy finches of the far north, named for the distinctive red patch on the forehead. They undertake irruptive winter movements, sometimes appearing far south in large flocks when seed crops fail in the boreal zone. Unusually for finches, they have a small throat pouch that lets them temporarily store seeds while foraging in cold conditions. They readily visit feeders, especially for nyjer and birch-like seeds.
Eggs
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with undulating flight
Social Behavior
Forms lively flocks outside the breeding season, often mixing with other finches. Nests in shrubs or small trees; the female builds a well-insulated cup nest lined with plant down and hair. Clutches are typically 3–6 eggs; the male feeds the incubating female and both parents feed the young. Flocks are nomadic in winter as they track seed availability.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
A rapid, twittering series of trills and buzzes, often delivered in short, energetic bursts. Calls include a dry, rolling 'chek' or 'djit' and a metallic rattle given in flight. Chorus from flocks can sound like a continuous, tinkling chatter.
Plumage
Finely streaked brown and buff upperparts with pale, lightly streaked underparts; overall frosty appearance in some individuals. Forehead shows a bright red poll, with a small black chin bib. Males often have a pink to rosy wash on the breast and rump, especially in breeding season. Two pale wingbars and crisp streaking on flanks are typical.
Diet
Primarily small seeds, especially from birch, alder, and willow catkins, as well as grasses and weedy plants. In summer they supplement with small insects and larvae to meet protein needs for breeding. They can store seeds temporarily in a throat pouch to process food in sheltered spots during severe cold. They adeptly husk tiny seeds with a strong, conical bill.
Preferred Environment
Forages in catkin-bearing trees and shrubs, along weedy edges, and at seed heads in open areas. Frequently visits bird feeders for nyjer (thistle) and other fine seeds. Will hang acrobatically to glean from catkins and seed heads.
