The red-cowled cardinal is a bird species in the tanager family (Thraupidae). It is not very closely related to the cardinals proper (Cardinalidae).
Region
Northeastern Brazil
Typical Environment
Occurs primarily in the Caatinga and adjoining dry forests, scrub, and forest edges across the Nordeste. It readily uses open woodlands, thorny scrub, riverine gallery vegetation, plantations, and urban green spaces. The species tolerates fragmented habitats and thrives near settlements where shrubs and small trees provide cover. It is less common in dense closed forest and prefers semi-open mosaics with scattered trees and bushes.
Altitude Range
0–1200 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 2/5
Despite its name, the red-cowled cardinal belongs to the tanager family (Thraupidae), not the true cardinals (Cardinalidae). It is endemic to northeastern Brazil and is often seen in human-modified landscapes, including parks and gardens. The species is popular in the cage-bird trade, which has contributed to regional declines and increased protection efforts. Its 'cowled' look comes from the bright red head and throat set against gray upperparts and white underparts.
Skull of a red-cowled cardinal
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Usually seen in pairs or small family groups, often foraging low in shrubs and on the ground. Pairs are territorial during breeding and build a small cup nest in low trees or dense bushes. Both sexes participate in feeding the young.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Clear, sweet whistles and short musical phrases delivered from exposed perches. Calls include sharp chips and metallic notes used for contact within pairs and groups.
Plumage
Smooth, clean contrast between bright red head and throat, gray to slate upperparts, and crisp white underparts.
Diet
Feeds on a mix of seeds, small fruits, and insects. It gleans arthropods from foliage and the ground, especially during breeding when protein demand is higher. Seeds from grasses and weedy plants are important staples, and it opportunistically takes cultivated fruits. Around people, it may visit feeding stations or forage in gardens and orchards.
Preferred Environment
Forages in semi-open areas with scattered shrubs and trees, along edges, riparian strips, and in agricultural mosaics. Frequently enters parks, gardens, and village margins where cover and food are abundant.
