The red-crested cardinal is a passerine bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. Notwithstanding its similar name, this bird is not closely related to the true cardinal family Cardinalidae. It is sometimes known as the Brazilian cardinal.
Region
Southern South America
Typical Environment
Native to southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina, and parts of Bolivia, favoring open woodlands, chaco scrub, riverine edges, ranchlands, and city parks. It readily occupies suburban gardens and agricultural mosaics with scattered trees and shrubs. Introduced populations are established in the Hawaiian Islands and Puerto Rico, where they use similar semi-open habitats. It tolerates human presence and often forages on lawns and along paths.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1500 m
Climate Zone
Subtropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 3/5
The red-crested cardinal is a tanager, not a true cardinal, despite its name. It has been widely introduced outside its native South American range, notably in Hawaii and Puerto Rico, where it thrives in urban parks and gardens. Juveniles lack the vivid red head, showing a brownish or grayish crown until they mature. It is often tame around people and adapts well to human-altered landscapes.
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Often seen in pairs or small groups, especially outside the breeding season. Pairs defend small territories during breeding and build cup-shaped nests in shrubs or low trees. They are tolerant of humans and frequently forage in open, urban settings.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A series of clear, melodious whistles and short phrases, often delivered from exposed perches. Calls include sharp metallic chips and contact notes used to keep in touch while foraging.
Plumage
Smooth gray upperparts with white underparts, contrasted by a vivid red head and pointed crest; wings and tail are slate-gray with a clean white belly and flanks.
Diet
Eats a mix of seeds, fruits, and small invertebrates such as beetles and caterpillars. It also takes flower buds and soft plant matter when available. In urban areas, it will glean crumbs and fallen fruit, showing notable dietary flexibility.
Preferred Environment
Forages on the ground, in low shrubs, and on lawns and paths in parks. Also feeds along field edges, riverbanks, and lightly wooded areas with scattered trees.
