The parrot-billed sparrow is found in the arid lowlands of eastern Africa. At 18 centimetres (7.1 in) and 42 grams (1.5 oz), it is the largest of the sparrows of the family Passeridae. It is often considered a subspecies of the grey-headed sparrow.
Region
Eastern Africa
Typical Environment
Occurs in arid and semi-arid lowlands with thorny bush, Acacia-Commiphora savanna, and open woodland. Frequently uses agricultural margins, villages, and towns where seed resources are reliable. It favors areas with scattered trees or buildings that provide nesting cavities. Often near seasonal watercourses and waterholes in otherwise dry landscapes.
Altitude Range
0–1800 m
Climate Zone
Arid
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 2/5
This robust sparrow of eastern Africa inhabits dry lowlands and thorn scrub. With its thick, parrot-like bill it can crack tough seeds that many other sparrows avoid. It is often treated as part of the grey-headed sparrow complex but is notably larger and heavier. It readily associates with human settlements and farm edges.
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
direct flight with short rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Occurs in pairs or small flocks, sometimes forming larger groups at water or abundant food sources. Typically nests in cavities in trees or buildings and may appropriate old nests of other species. Pairs are territorial around the nest but tolerant while foraging, often joining mixed-species granivorous flocks.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Song is a series of chirps and short, metallic twittering phrases delivered from exposed perches. Calls include sharp chreep notes and soft chatters used to keep flock contact.
Plumage
Grey head and nape with warm brown upperparts and paler, buffy underparts; wings brown with a distinct pale wing patch; tail dark brown. Feathers are smooth and close-fitting, giving a neat, compact appearance.
Diet
Primarily takes seeds and grain, using its powerful bill to crack hard husks. Supplements with insects—especially termites, beetles, and caterpillars—during the breeding season. Also consumes buds, small fruits, and household scraps around settlements.
Preferred Environment
Forages on the ground in open scrub and farm edges, often beneath thorny shrubs or near paths and compounds. Readily visits threshing floors, grain stores, and livestock areas to pick spilled seed.
