The North Island saddleback is a forest-dwelling passerine bird species endemic to the North Island of New Zealand. It was once considered conspecific with the South Island saddleback. The IUCN lists the species as Near Threatened, while it is listed as a "relict" species in the New Zealand Threat Classification System. Saddlebacks are known in Māori as tīeke.
Region
New Zealand
Typical Environment
Now found mainly on predator-free offshore islands and in fenced mainland sanctuaries within the North Island region. It occupies native podocarp–broadleaf and coastal forests, as well as mature regenerating bush with dense understory. Birds forage through leaf litter, fallen logs, trunks, and branches, often near the ground. Nesting occurs in tree cavities, crevices, or artificial nest boxes in safe sites. The species is strongly tied to habitats with rigorous predator control.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1000 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Also known by its Māori name tīeke, the North Island saddleback is a member of the New Zealand wattlebird family, noted for the bright orange wattles at the base of the bill. Once nearly extirpated from the mainland by introduced predators, it survived on offshore islands and has been successfully reintroduced to predator-free sanctuaries. Pairs often duet with loud, ringing calls and maintain year-round territories. The species is closely related to the South Island saddleback but is distinct.
An artificial nest box for North Island saddleback at Zealandia
Saddleback feeding on nectar from a flax flower
Temperament
bold and inquisitive yet territorial
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats; generally a weak flier that hops and glides between perches
Social Behavior
Typically found in monogamous pairs that defend permanent territories. Nests are placed in cavities or enclosed spaces, and multiple broods may be raised in good seasons. Family groups may remain loosely associated while juveniles disperse once independent.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Loud, ringing whistles and clear, resonant notes often delivered as male–female duets. Alarm calls are harsh chacks and scolds, while contact calls are softer and more frequent during foraging.
