The green-headed hillstar is a species of hummingbird found in the Andes of southern Ecuador and northern and central Peru. It is one of 6 species in the genus Oreotrochilus, and can be distinguished from its relatives by subtle differences in plumage coloration. The green-headed hillstar received its name due to its bronze and green crown and gorget of bright emerald green plumage. The species was first discovered by English ornithologist Osbert Salvin in 1895 and named after Polish ornithologist Jean Stanislaus Stolzmann.
Region
Andes Mountains
Typical Environment
Occurs in the high Andes of southern Ecuador and northern to central Peru, mainly in open puna and páramo with scattered shrubs. It favors rocky slopes, ravines, and cliffy areas where flowering shrubs are abundant. Frequently associated with spiny Andean shrubs such as Chuquiraga and other native asters, but also visits Puya and other high-elevation blooms. Nests are often placed on ledges or in sheltered rock crevices near reliable nectar sources.
Altitude Range
3000–4500 m
Climate Zone
Highland
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
This high-Andean hummingbird ranges through southern Ecuador and northern to central Peru, where it frequents windswept shrublands. Males show a bronze-green crown and a glittering emerald gorget that give the species its name. Like many hillstars, it can enter nocturnal torpor to conserve energy during cold mountain nights. First described in 1895 by Osbert Salvin, it commemorates Polish ornithologist Jan S. Stolzmann.
Temperament
territorial and vigilant
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with agile hovering
Social Behavior
Typically solitary around feeding territories, with males aggressively defending rich flower patches. Courtship involves aerial chases and display flights. The cup-like nest is built with plant fibers and spider silk, often tucked into rock crevices or ledges for shelter from wind and cold.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Vocalizations are thin, high-pitched chips and twitters delivered from perches near feeding sites. During territorial chases, calls become sharper and more insistent, often accompanied by an audible wing buzz.
