The Great Nicobar serpent eagle, also known as the South Nicobar serpent eagle, is a species of bird of prey in the family Accipitridae. It is probably the smallest known eagle, with a weight of about 450 g (0.99 lb), a wingspan of 85 to 95 cm and a body length of about 38 to 42 cm. It is endemic to forest on the Indian island of Great Nicobar. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Region
Nicobar Islands
Typical Environment
Restricted to Great Nicobar’s lowland and hill evergreen forests, including edges and riparian corridors. It hunts from shaded perches within dense canopy and along forest clearings. The species tolerates some secondary growth but is strongly associated with older, closed-canopy tracts. Occasional use of coastal forest and mangrove edges is reported, but it avoids open country. Territory size is small but tied to availability of tall nest trees and intact understory.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 600 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Likely the smallest eagle in the world, this island raptor weighs under half a kilogram yet hunts snakes and lizards with precision. It is confined to the forests of Great Nicobar, where intact canopy and mature trees are crucial for nesting and hunting. Logging and habitat conversion are the main threats, making the species highly sensitive to disturbance.
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
soaring glider with short bursts of rapid wingbeats between perches
Social Behavior
Typically encountered singly or in pairs that maintain small territories year-round. Pairs nest high in tall forest trees, building a stick platform and raising a single chick. Courtship includes circling displays and calling above the canopy. Adults are strongly site-faithful and defend nest areas vigorously.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Gives clear, whistled notes and plaintive, rising calls, often repeated in slow series. Vocalizations carry over the canopy, especially at dawn and in display flights.
