The giant sunbird is a species of bird in the family Nectariniidae. It is the only species in the genus Dreptes. It is endemic to the island of São Tomé, where it occurs in the central massif.
Region
Gulf of Guinea islands
Typical Environment
This species is confined to the central massif of São Tomé, where it occupies primary and mature secondary montane forest. It frequents mid-story to canopy levels, visiting flowering trees and shrubs along forest edges, clearings, and ridgelines. It may also occur in older shade plantations adjacent to intact forest. The species shows a preference for dense, humid forest with abundant nectar sources.
Altitude Range
600–1600 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The giant sunbird is the only member of its genus, Dreptes, and is among the largest of the sunbirds. Endemic to São Tomé, it plays an important role as a pollinator of native forest plants. Males have notably elongated tails and a glossy, dark metallic sheen. Habitat loss in montane forests is its primary threat.
Temperament
active and territorial
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with brief hovering at flowers
Social Behavior
Typically seen singly or in pairs; males defend nectar-rich feeding territories. The species is presumed monogamous, constructing a pendant, purse-shaped nest with a side entrance from plant fibers and spider silk. Nests are placed in concealed mid-story sites in forest.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Song is a series of thin, high-pitched twitters and short trills delivered from canopy perches. Calls include sharp ‘tsip’ notes and a rapid chatter during territorial disputes.
