The flame-throated bulbul is a member of the bulbul family of passerine birds and the state bird of Goa. It is found only in the forests of the Western Ghats in southern India. Formerly included as a subspecies of Pycnonotus flaviventris, it has since been elevated to the status of a full species. They are olive-backed with yellow undersides, a triangular orange-red throat and a white iris that stands out against the contrasting black head. They are usually seen foraging in groups in the forest canopy for berries and small insects. They have a call often with two or three tinkling notes that can sound similar to those produced by the red-whiskered bulbul. The species has been referred to in the past by names such as ruby-throated bulbul and black-headed bulbul, but these are ambiguous and could apply to other species such as Rubigula flaviventris and R. dispar.
Region
Western Ghats, India
Typical Environment
Occurs in evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, moist deciduous edges, and shola forest mosaics of the Western Ghats. Prefers mature canopy and well-vegetated valleys, often along streams and forest edges. It adapts to secondary growth where fruiting trees are abundant but remains strongly tied to forested landscapes. Often detected by its bright calls while moving through the mid to upper canopy.
Altitude Range
100–1200 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The flame-throated bulbul is the state bird of Goa and is confined to India’s Western Ghats. It was formerly treated as a subspecies of the black-crested bulbul (Rubigula flaviventris) but is now recognized as a full species. Its blazing orange-red throat and striking white iris make it easy to pick out in the dim forest canopy. It often forages in small, noisy groups and joins mixed-species flocks.
The white iris is distinctive
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Typically forages in pairs or small groups and frequently joins mixed-species canopy flocks. Builds a neat cup nest in shrubs or small trees, usually well hidden among leaves. Likely monogamous, with both parents participating in care.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A clear, tinkling series of two or three notes, often repeated in short sequences. Calls can resemble those of the red-whiskered bulbul but are typically brighter and more bell-like.
