The common grackle is a species of large icterid bird found in large numbers through much of North America. First described in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus, the common grackle has three subspecies. Adult common grackles have a long and dark bill, pale yellow eyes, and a long tail. Adults often have a bluish iridescent appearance on their head, especially males. Common grackles can be found widely across North America east of the Rocky Mountains.
Region
Eastern and Central North America
Typical Environment
Found across much of North America east of the Rocky Mountains, from Canadian provinces south through the United States and into parts of northern Mexico. Occupies open woodlands, agricultural lands, suburban neighborhoods, city parks, and marsh edges. Frequently forages in lawns, fields, and along shorelines, showing a strong tolerance for human-altered habitats. Roosts communally in trees, reedbeds, and urban structures. During winter, northern breeders move southward, concentrating in the southeastern U.S.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 2000 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Common grackles are highly adaptable icterids with striking iridescent plumage that shifts blue, purple, and bronze in sunlight. They often form very large communal roosts with other blackbirds and starlings, sometimes numbering in the thousands. Opportunistic feeders, they can be agricultural pests in grain fields but also consume many insect pests. Their pale yellow eyes and long keel-shaped tail make them distinctive even at a distance.
Iridescence of the grackle's feathers
A juvenile common grackle stands in freshly cut grass
Iridescent male common grackle
Common grackle, mating display in Central Park, New York
Common grackle in Central Park
Grackle close up, standing by intact and pulled corn sprouts. Common grackles damage corn by pulling up newly sprouted plants.
Temperament
social and bold
Flight Pattern
strong flier with direct, steady wingbeats
Social Behavior
Often forms large flocks for foraging and massive mixed-species roosts at night. Nests in loose colonies; females build cup nests in trees or shrubs, sometimes on man-made structures. Both parents feed the young, and they may aggressively defend nest sites. Displays include tail fanning and posturing by males during courtship.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
Calls are harsh, metallic creaks, squeaks, and clacks, often described as rusty gate or electric-sounding. Songs include varied wheezes and whistles delivered from exposed perches. Vocalizations are loud and carry well across open habitats.
