The California gnatcatcher is a small, 10.8-centimetre-long (4.3 in) insectivorous bird which frequents dense coastal sage scrub growth. This species was recently split from the similar black-tailed gnatcatcher of the Sonoran and Chihuahuan deserts. This bird is often solitary, but joins with other birds in winter flocks.
Region
Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico
Typical Environment
Found primarily in coastal sage scrub and arid coastal lowlands from southern California south through Baja California. It favors dense, low, aromatic shrubs such as sagebrush, California sagebrush, and buckwheat. Birds typically stay within a meter or two above ground, weaving through thickets to forage. Occurs in canyons, coastal terraces, and scrubby foothills, and uses regenerating scrub following fires when structure is suitable.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 900 m
Climate Zone
Arid
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
This tiny, active gnatcatcher is a coastal sage scrub specialist of southern California and Baja California. It was split from the similar black-tailed gnatcatcher and is a flagship species for conserving rapidly vanishing coastal sage habitats. Pairs are resident year-round and often keep low in dense shrubs, flicking their long tail to flush prey.
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with low, bounding flights between shrubs
Social Behavior
Typically found as pairs that defend territories year-round; they may join mixed-species foraging flocks in winter. Both sexes build a small cup nest low in shrubs and share incubation and chick-rearing duties. Clutch sizes are small, and pairs may attempt multiple broods if conditions allow.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Song is a thin, wheezy series of high-pitched notes and trills. Calls include scolding, raspy scolds and soft tsip notes given frequently while foraging.
