The beautiful nuthatch is a bird species in the family Sittidae, collectively known as nuthatches. It is a large nuthatch, measuring 16.5 cm (6.5 in) in length, that is not sexually dimorphic. Its coloration and markings are dramatic, the upper parts being black and azure, streaked with white and pale blue on the head and lined with the same colors on the wing feathers. The underparts are orange, and the eyebrow and throat are ochre. An irregular, dark eyestripe highlights its eye. S. formosa's ecology is not fully described, but it is known to feed on small insects and larvae found on the trunks and epiphyte-covered branches of trees in its range. Reproduction takes place from April to May; the nest is placed in the hole of an oak, rhododendron, or other large tree. The nest is made of plant material and fur in which the bird typically lays four to six eggs.
Region
Eastern Himalayas and Southeast Asia
Typical Environment
Occurs patchily from northeast India through Myanmar and into southern China (Yunnan) and Indochina, including northern Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. It favors mature montane broadleaf forests with oak, rhododendron, and hemlock, especially where trunks and branches are covered in mosses and epiphytes. Steep ravines, ridgelines, and undisturbed forest interiors are typical haunts. The species is generally local and scarce throughout its range, often detected by call while moving through the mid to upper canopy.
Altitude Range
900–2600 m
Climate Zone
Highland
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The Beautiful nuthatch is one of the most striking nuthatches, with vivid azure and black upperparts and rich orange underparts. It forages acrobatically on trunks and epiphyte-laden branches, often hanging upside-down to glean insects and larvae. The species is scarce and sensitive to forest degradation, making intact montane broadleaf forests crucial for its survival. It sometimes joins mixed-species flocks while feeding.
Drawing depicting the main morphological features
Illustration of Sitta formosa, by John Gould and H. C. Richter.
In natural habitat in Bhutan
A beautiful nuthatch at Eagle Nest sanctuary, India.
Temperament
active and alert, often inconspicuous despite bright plumage
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with swift, direct dashes between trees
Social Behavior
Typically seen singly or in pairs, and occasionally in small family groups. Joins mixed-species foraging flocks in the non-breeding season. Nests from April to May in natural cavities of large trees such as oak or rhododendron, lining the nest with plant fibers and fur. Clutch size is commonly four to six eggs.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Calls are thin, piping whistles and sharp, metallic notes given in short series. Song consists of clear, slightly descending phrases repeated at intervals, carrying well through the forest.
