American dipper

The American dipper, also known as a water ouzel, is a semiaquatic bird species native to western North America and parts of Central America.

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Distribution

Region

Western North America and parts of Central America

Typical Environment

Found from Alaska and western Canada through the western United States into Mexico and locally to Central America. Occupies cold, clear, fast-flowing mountain streams and rivers with rocky substrates. Common along cascades, riffles, and waterfalls, and occasionally along coastal streams at sea level. In winter it may shift to lower elevations where water remains ice-free. Nests are placed close to splashing water, often on natural ledges or human structures.

Altitude Range

Sea level to 3500 m

Climate Zone

Highland

Characteristics

Size16–21 cm

Wing Span23–28 cm

Male Weight0.06 kg

Female Weight0.055 kg

Life Expectancy5 years

Ease of Keeping

Beginner friendly: 1/5

Useful to know

Also called the water ouzel, the American dipper is uniquely adapted to dive and walk along stream bottoms, using partially closed wings for propulsion. Special eye membranes and nasal flaps let it see and forage underwater. It often builds mossy, domed nests on ledges near waterfalls or bridges. Because it relies on clear, fast-moving water, its presence is a good indicator of healthy stream ecosystems.

Gallery

Behaviour

Temperament

solitary and territorial

Flight Pattern

short rapid wingbeats, low over water

Social Behavior

Typically defends linear stretches of stream, with pairs holding territories during the breeding season. Generally monogamous, building mossy, domed nests close to splashing water. Both sexes feed nestlings, and adults may reuse territories across years.

Migratory Pattern

Partial migrant

Song Description

A loud, bubbling, warbling song that carries over the noise of rushing water, delivered from streamside perches. Calls include sharp zeet or tsip notes used in contact and alarm.

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Identification

Comb Type

Plumage Description

Feather Color

Leg Color

Earlobe Color

Eye Color

Feeding Habits

Diet

Preferred Environment

Requires Supplement

Population

Conservation Status

Species Status

Wild Population

Total Known Population

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