The Abyssinian ground hornbill or northern ground hornbill is an African bird, found north of the equator, and is one of two species of ground hornbill. It is the second largest species of African hornbill, only surpassed by the slightly larger southern ground hornbill.
Region
Sahel and East Africa
Typical Environment
Occurs north of the equator from West Africa across the Sahel to the Horn of Africa and into East Africa. It favors open savannas, dry grasslands, lightly wooded areas, and agricultural mosaics, avoiding dense forests. Birds spend much of the day walking and foraging on the ground, retreating to trees or high perches for roosting. Nesting typically occurs in large tree cavities or cliffs where available. It is generally absent from closed-canopy rainforest and true deserts.
Altitude Range
0–2500 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The Abyssinian ground hornbill is a large, terrestrial hornbill that strides across African savannas hunting prey on foot. Its bare blue-and-red facial skin and inflatable throat sac help amplify deep, booming calls that carry for long distances. Long, lash-like feathers protect its eyes while moving through grass and brush. It is long-lived and slow-breeding, which makes populations sensitive to habitat loss and persecution.
Close-up sketch of Bucorvus abyssinicus.
Abyssinian ground hornbills at the Omo river valley in Ethiopia.
Temperament
social and territorial
Flight Pattern
reluctant flier with short, heavy wingbeats and glides
Social Behavior
Typically found in pairs or small family groups that maintain large territories. Pairs are long-term and may receive help from older offspring during breeding. Nests are placed in cavities in large trees or sometimes cliffs, with slow reproductive rates and extended parental care.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Deep, resonant booming notes often given in duets at dawn, carrying over long distances. Calls are low-frequency and can be felt as much as heard, aided by the inflatable throat sac.
