The yellow-billed cardinal is a bird species in the tanager family (Thraupidae). It is not very closely related to the cardinals proper (Cardinalidae).
Region
Central South America; introduced in the Hawaiian Islands
Typical Environment
Native populations occur in the Pantanal and adjacent regions of Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. It frequents riparian woodlands, gallery forests, shrubby savannas, and forest edges, especially near rivers, marshes, and ponds. In human-modified landscapes it uses parks, gardens, and agricultural margins. Introduced populations are established on Hawaiʻi Island, where they occupy coastal scrub, resort grounds, and open woodland with water nearby.
Altitude Range
0–1200 m
Climate Zone
Subtropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 2/5
Despite its name, the yellow-billed cardinal is a tanager (family Thraupidae), not a true cardinal. It is native to central South America and has been introduced to Hawaiʻi, where it is locally common. It favors watery edges and open woodlands and is often seen in small groups. Adults are easily recognized by their bright yellow bill and sharp contrast between a dark head and pale underparts.
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Usually seen in pairs or small groups, sometimes joining mixed-species foraging flocks. Pairs defend small territories during breeding. The cup-shaped nest is placed low in shrubs or small trees, often near water, and both parents attend the young.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Song is a series of clear, whistled notes and short phrases delivered from exposed perches. Calls include sharp chips and metallic tik notes used to keep contact within groups.
