The white-throated dipper, also known as the European dipper or just dipper, is an aquatic passerine bird found in Europe, the Middle East, Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent. The species is divided into several subspecies, based primarily on colour differences, particularly of the pectoral band.
Region
Europe, Middle East, and Central Asia
Typical Environment
Found along fast-flowing streams and rivers with clear, cold, well-oxygenated water. It frequents shaded mountain torrents, lowland rivers with stony beds, and areas near waterfalls and weirs. Nests are commonly placed on ledges, under bridges, or behind waterfalls where spray keeps the site moist. In winter, it may shift to larger, unfrozen rivers and coastal streams.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 3000 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The white-throated dipper is unique among passerines for its ability to dive and walk along stream bottoms to feed. It has dense, waterproofed plumage and a nictitating membrane that acts like goggles underwater. Its presence often indicates clean, well-oxygenated rivers. Several subspecies vary in the extent and color of the pectoral band, ranging from chestnut to rufous tones.
Cinclus cinclus - MHNT
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
fast, low over water with rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Typically defends linear territories along streams, especially during the breeding season. Pairs build a domed moss nest near or above running water, often behind waterfalls or on bridge structures. Both adults feed the young, and pairs may raise two broods in favorable conditions.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
A loud, metallic and bubbling song with trills and whistles that carries over rushing water. Males sing even in winter, often from exposed streamside perches.
