The white-rumped swift is a species of swift. Although this small bird is superficially similar to a house martin, it is not closely related to that passerine species. The resemblances between the swallows and swifts are due to convergent evolution reflecting similar life styles.
Region
Sub-Saharan Africa (with small populations in Iberia and North Africa)
Typical Environment
Occurs widely across sub-Saharan Africa from the Sahel to southern Africa, favoring open country, savannas, and woodland edges. It is frequently seen over rivers, lakes, and wetlands where aerial insects are abundant. Small breeding populations occur in southern Iberia and parts of North Africa, often associated with human-made structures like bridges. Nests are placed in crevices, on cliffs, and in appropriated mud nests of swallows and martins. Outside breeding, it disperses broadly following rainfall and insect swarms.
Altitude Range
0–3000 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Despite a superficial resemblance to swallows and martins, the white-rumped swift is unrelated to them; similarities arise from convergent evolution to an aerial lifestyle. It spends most of its life on the wing, drinking, feeding, and even bathing in flight. The bold white rump and deeply forked tail help separate it from the squarer-tailed little swift. It often appropriates old mud nests of swallows, especially red-rumped swallows, on cliffs and human structures.
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
fast, scything flight with rapid wingbeats interspersed with glides
Social Behavior
Often seen in small flocks or mixed swift parties, especially where insects are concentrated. Breeds in loose colonies, reusing mud nests of swallows or nesting in crevices on cliffs and buildings. Pairs are monogamous during the breeding season and both adults participate in nesting duties.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
Vocalizations are high-pitched, thin, and buzzy trills and squeals delivered while in flight. Calls carry well over open country and within foraging flocks, aiding cohesion.
