The white-rumped vulture is an Old World vulture native to South and Southeast Asia. It has been listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 2000, as the population severely declined. White-rumped vultures die of kidney failure caused by diclofenac poisoning. In the 1980s, the global population was estimated at several million individuals, and it was thought to be "the most abundant large bird of prey in the world". As of 2021, the global population was estimated at less than 6,000 mature individuals.
Region
South and Southeast Asia
Typical Environment
Found across the Indian subcontinent and parts of Myanmar and Cambodia, now in fragmented pockets compared to its former wide range. It favors lowland plains, agricultural landscapes, villages, and open woodland. The species commonly nests in tall trees near human settlements and along river systems. It roosts communally and ranges widely during the day to locate carcasses.
Altitude Range
0–1500 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
This Old World vulture was once among the most numerous raptors on Earth but crashed catastrophically due to diclofenac, a veterinary painkiller that poisons vultures via livestock carcasses. Safe alternatives like meloxicam and captive-breeding with release programs are central to ongoing recovery efforts. It is a highly efficient scavenger that provides vital sanitation services by rapidly removing carrion.
White-rumped vulture in Desert National Park
Underwing pattern of an adult
A pair of white-rumped vultures in Mangaon
White-rumped vultures in Keoladeo National Park
Flock of white-rumped vultures near carcass in Mangaon
Temperament
social and gregarious
Flight Pattern
soaring glider
Social Behavior
Often forms large communal roosts and feeds in groups at carcasses, with a clear pecking order. Breeds colonially in tall trees, typically laying a single egg per clutch. Pairs are generally monogamous and show strong nest-site fidelity.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Generally silent, lacking true song. At carcasses and nests it emits hisses, grunts, and rasping croaks, especially during competitive feeding.
