The white-crowned pigeon is a fruit and seed-eating species of bird in the dove and pigeon family Columbidae. It is found primarily in the Caribbean.
Region
Caribbean and southern Florida
Typical Environment
Found throughout the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, parts of the Lesser Antilles, and the Florida Keys and extreme southern Florida. It nests primarily in coastal mangrove islets, then commutes to inland tropical hardwood hammocks and dry forests to feed. Birds also use coastal scrub, secondary woodland, and occasionally agricultural orchards with abundant fruit. Seasonal movements occur between islands and coastal mainland as fruiting patterns shift. Local abundance can fluctuate widely with storms and fruit crops.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 800 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
A key seed disperser for Caribbean hardwoods, it often nests in coastal mangroves and forages inland on fruiting trees. The species undertakes seasonal and opportunistic inter-island movements following fruit availability. It is sensitive to disturbance and coastal habitat loss, and has been locally impacted by hunting. In Florida, it is most visible in summer when it crosses open water between mangroves and hardwood hammocks.
White-crowned pigeon drawing by Audubon
A white-crowned pigeon in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.
Temperament
wary and alert, often shy near humans
Flight Pattern
strong, direct flight with rapid wingbeats; capable of long cross-water flights
Social Behavior
Often seen singly or in small groups while feeding but can form larger flocks when fruit is abundant. Nests colonially or in loose groups on mangrove islets, building a flimsy stick platform. Pairs are monogamous during the breeding season, and both sexes share incubation and chick care.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
A series of deep, resonant coos, often delivered from a concealed perch in the canopy. Calls are low-pitched and rhythmic, carrying well over mangroves at dawn and dusk.
Plumage
Mostly dark slate-gray with a clean white crown and a subtle iridescent green sheen on the neck. Feathers are smooth and uniform, giving a sleek appearance.
Diet
Primarily eats fruits from native trees such as poisonwood, figs, and other hardwoods, swallowing whole and dispersing seeds over long distances. Also takes berries and occasionally seeds and buds. Diet shifts seasonally, tracking fruit availability across islands and coastal habitats.
Preferred Environment
Forages high in the canopy of tropical hardwood hammocks, coastal forest edges, and sometimes in orchards. Commutes from mangrove nesting sites to inland feeding areas, often crossing open water.
