The vermilion cardinal is a species of bird in the family Cardinalidae, the cardinals or cardinal grosbeaks. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
Region
Northern South America
Typical Environment
Occurs along the Caribbean coastal belt of northern Venezuela and adjacent northeastern Colombia (including the Guajira region). It favors xeric habitats such as thorn scrub, cactus stands, and open dry brush with scattered shrubs and low trees. The species also uses edges of dry forests, degraded scrub, and semi-open areas near ranches and villages if thorny cover is present. Nesting typically takes place in dense shrubs or cacti, where protection from predators and sun exposure is greater.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 600 m
Climate Zone
Arid
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 2/5
Males are a vivid vermilion red with a long, shaggy crest, making them one of the most striking desert-scrub songbirds of northern South America. They inhabit arid thorn scrub and cactus-dominated landscapes in northern Colombia and Venezuela. The species is generally sedentary and often sings from prominent perches such as cacti or thorny shrubs. Local trapping for the cage-bird trade has occurred but the species remains widespread in suitable habitat.
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats
Social Behavior
Usually found as pairs or small family groups holding territories in scrubby habitats. The cup-shaped nest is placed low to mid-level in thorny shrubs or cacti. Males often sing from exposed perches to advertise territory and may accompany the female during foraging and nesting.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A series of clear, whistled phrases reminiscent of the Northern Cardinal but slightly harsher and drier in tone. Calls include sharp, metallic chips used for contact and alarm. Males sing persistently at dawn and in the cooler hours.
