The Venezuelan troupial, known in Venezuela as the Turpial, is the national bird of Venezuela. It is found in Colombia, Venezuela, and the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Trinidad, and Puerto Rico. Together with the orange-backed troupial and campo troupial, it was previously part of a superspecies simply named the troupial that was split.
Region
Northern South America and southern Caribbean
Typical Environment
Native to northern Colombia and Venezuela, with populations on nearby islands such as Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire; it is also present (partly introduced) on Trinidad and Puerto Rico. It favors dry forests, thorn scrub, savannas, and semi-open country with scattered trees and palms. Common along forest edges, riparian gallery woods, ranchlands, and urban parks and gardens. It avoids dense, humid interior rainforest but thrives in mosaic habitats and human-altered landscapes.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1500 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 2/5
The Venezuelan troupial (Turpial) is the national bird of Venezuela and is famed for its striking orange-and-black plumage. It often appropriates or reuses the nests of other bird species rather than building its own. Its rich, whistled song includes mimicry of other birds and is frequently delivered in duets. Formerly part of a broader “troupial” complex, it is now split from the campo and orange-backed troupials.
A Venezuelan troupial in cactus shrubs
Temperament
bold and territorial
Flight Pattern
strong flier with rapid, direct wingbeats
Social Behavior
Usually seen in pairs or small family groups and strongly defends territories during breeding. Often uses or forcibly takes over the woven or stick nests of other species, including oropendolas and kiskadees. Generally monogamous, with both sexes participating in defense and care.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Rich, fluty whistles interspersed with chattering notes; phrases are varied and musical. Frequently includes mimicry of other birds’ calls, and pairs may perform antiphonal duets.
