The Tropeiro seedeater is a species of birds in the tanager family. It is endemic to Brazil. Formerly lumped with the plumbeous seedeater, it was described as a new species in 2013.
Region
Southern Brazil
Typical Environment
Breeds in upland grasslands and mosaics of native campos and Araucaria forest edges in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. Uses open pastures, fallows, and weedy road margins where native and introduced grasses set seed. In the non-breeding season it disperses to lower elevations, including coastal plains and interior lowlands, tracking grass seeding events. The species favors relatively open, lightly wooded or shrubby landscapes with scattered bushes for perching and nesting.
Altitude Range
500–1500 m
Climate Zone
Subtropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Described in 2013 after being split from the plumbeous seedeater, this species is named in honor of ornithologist William Belton. It is confined to southern Brazil and undertakes seasonal movements that likely follow historical drover (tropeiro) routes in search of seeding grasses. Males are often confused with plumbeous seedeaters but differ in subtle plumage details and song. Conservation concerns include grassland loss, agricultural intensification, and trapping.
Temperament
alert and somewhat secretive
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with low, undulating flights
Social Behavior
Breeds in scattered pairs with males singing from exposed perches such as fence lines and shrub tops. Outside the breeding season it forms small, loose flocks that may mix with other seedeaters. The nest is a small cup placed low in grass or shrubs; both parents likely care for young.
Migratory Pattern
Seasonal migrant
Song Description
Male song is a series of clear whistles, buzzy trills, and tinkling notes delivered from elevated perches. Calls include sharp chips used to keep contact within flocks. The song pace and note shape help distinguish it from similar seedeaters.
