The Tamaulipas pygmy owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to Mexico. This is one of the smallest owls in the world, with a mean length of 13.5 cm (5.3 in). However, at 53 g (1.9 oz), it is slightly heavier than the long-whiskered owlet and the elf owl. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.
Region
Sierra Madre Oriental
Typical Environment
Occurs in humid montane forests of northeastern Mexico, especially cloud forest and pine–oak and oak–evergreen mosaics. It favors dense, moist slopes, ravines, and forest edges where perches overlook clearings for hunting. Secondary growth and disturbed forest with remnant large trees are also used, provided cavities for nesting are present. It is typically associated with mature forest structure and a well-developed understory.
Altitude Range
600–2400 m
Climate Zone
Highland
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
One of the smallest owls, it averages just 13.5 cm in length yet is a bold, active predator. Unlike many owls, it is often active by day and at dusk. It has distinctive false eye-spots on the back of its head that may deter predators or confuse mobbing birds. Its simple, repetitive toot call can draw in small birds that mob it, revealing its presence to observers.
Temperament
bold and territorial
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with brief glides
Social Behavior
Generally solitary outside the breeding season and strongly territorial. Likely nests in tree cavities, often old woodpecker holes, with both sexes defending the nest area. Pairs maintain small home ranges and use regular perches to watch for prey.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A series of clear, evenly spaced toots that may accelerate slightly or form double notes. Also gives short whistles and scolding chatters, especially when agitated or mobbed.
Plumage
Compact owl with brown upperparts finely spotted and barred; underparts whitish to buff with brown streaks. Tail shows narrow pale bars. Nape bears prominent black-bordered white 'eye-spots'.
Diet
Takes large insects such as beetles, grasshoppers, and moths, as well as small vertebrates including lizards, small birds, and rodents. Hunts from low to mid-level perches, making swift sallies to capture prey. May cache surplus prey in dense foliage or cavities.
Preferred Environment
Forages along forest edges, clearings, and along trails or streams where visibility is good. Uses perches within the understory and mid-canopy to scan and ambush prey.
