The swamp sparrow is a medium-sized New World sparrow related to the song sparrow.
Region
Eastern and Central North America
Typical Environment
Breeds across marshes and wet meadows of southern Canada and the northern and northeastern United States, with isolated breeding in high-elevation bogs of the Appalachians. Winters primarily in the eastern and southeastern United States and along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, extending into the lower Mississippi Valley. Strongly associated with freshwater and brackish cattail marshes, sedge meadows, and shrubby wet thickets. Prefers areas with standing water, mud margins, and dense emergent vegetation for nesting and foraging.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1800 m
Climate Zone
Temperate
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The swamp sparrow is a medium-sized New World sparrow closely related to the song sparrow but more tied to wetlands. It has proportionally long legs for moving through shallow water and dense marsh vegetation. Breeding males show a rich rufous crown, while nonbreeding birds appear duller. Often heard before seen, its buzzy trills carry across cattail and sedge marshes.
In Quebec, Canada
Temperament
secretive and skulking
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats, low and direct over marsh vegetation
Social Behavior
During breeding season, males defend territories and sing from elevated perches like cattail stalks. Nests are built low in dense vegetation, often just above water on tussocks or stems. Outside the breeding season they form loose flocks, sometimes mixing with other sparrows while foraging.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
Song is a buzzy, insect-like trill or series of trills, often delivered from a concealed perch. Calls include sharp chips and metallic notes that carry well over marshes.
