The Sri Lanka swallow is a resident breeder endemic to Sri Lanka. It is closely related to the red-rumped swallow, and was formerly considered a subspecies.
Region
South Asia
Typical Environment
Occurs throughout much of Sri Lanka’s lowlands and foothills, favoring open agricultural landscapes, scrub, and forest edges. Common around human settlements, especially near bridges and culverts that provide nesting sites. Frequently forages over paddy fields, tanks, and wetlands where aerial insects are abundant. Nests are typically sited on sheltered vertical surfaces with overhead protection.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 2000 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Endemic to Sri Lanka, this swallow was formerly treated as a subspecies of the red-rumped swallow. It is noted for its richer rufous underparts and rump. Pairs build enclosed, flask-shaped mud nests under bridges, culverts, and rock overhangs. It is a capable aerial hunter, often seen hawking insects over paddy fields and open country.
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
agile with quick, shallow wingbeats and short glides
Social Behavior
Often seen in small groups, especially around feeding areas and nesting structures. Typically breeds in pairs or loose colonies, constructing enclosed mud retort nests with a tubular entrance. Monogamous pairs defend the immediate nest site but may tolerate neighbors nearby.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Soft, twittering series of chirps and warbles given in flight and near the nest. Calls are high-pitched and buzzy, with rapid trills during social interactions.
Plumage
Glossy blue-black upperparts with a rich rufous crown, nape, and rump; underparts warm rufous to cinnamon and largely un-streaked. Tail is long and deeply forked with pale spots on the inner webs of the outer feathers.
Diet
Feeds almost exclusively on small aerial insects such as flies, winged ants and termites, beetles, and other swarming insects. Often exploits termite emergences after rain. Captures prey on the wing with swift, agile maneuvers and a wide gape.
Preferred Environment
Forages over open fields, paddy lands, wetlands, and village clearings, as well as along forest edges and roads. Frequently hunts above water bodies and around livestock where insects are concentrated.
