The squatter pigeon is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to northeastern Australia. According to Australia's then Department of the Environment and Energy, the nominate subspecies, southern squatter pigeon is listed as vulnerable. It lives in arid and semi-arid areas, including grasslands and dry sclerophyll forests, and nest in shallow depressions in the ground. About 95% of the diet of these birds consists of seeds, as they are known for foraging on the ground.
Region
Northeastern Australia
Typical Environment
Found in open dry sclerophyll woodlands, savanna, and grasslands, especially where there is sparse ground cover and nearby permanent or semi-permanent water. It frequents areas with sandy or loamy soils, along tracks, watercourses, and the edges of clearings. The species often benefits from lightly grazed or recently burned patches that create open foraging space. It nests on the ground in shallow scrapes concealed by grass tussocks or low shrubs.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 800 m
Climate Zone
Arid
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The squatter pigeon is a ground-dwelling pigeon that often freezes or crouches rather than flushing, which is the origin of its common name. It depends on access to water and typically drinks daily. Habitat loss, altered fire regimes, grazing, and predation by invasive mammals have impacted parts of its range, with the southern subspecies listed as vulnerable.
Temperament
shy and wary
Flight Pattern
explosive take-off with short, low flights
Social Behavior
Usually seen singly, in pairs, or small loose groups; pairs form during the breeding season. It nests in a shallow ground scrape lined with leaves or grass, typically sheltered by low vegetation. Both parents share incubation and chick-rearing duties.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
A series of low, soft coos delivered from the ground or low cover, often heard at dawn and dusk. Alarmed birds produce a sharp clatter of wings and short grating calls when flushed.
