The snowy sheathbill, also known as the greater sheathbill, pale-faced sheathbill, and paddy, is one of two species of sheathbill. It is usually found on the ground. It is the only land bird native to the Antarctic continent.
Region
Antarctic Peninsula and Subantarctic South Atlantic
Typical Environment
Breeds on ice-free coasts and offshore islands around the Antarctic Peninsula and the Scotia Arc, including the South Shetland, South Orkney, South Sandwich, and South Georgia islands, and also the Falkland Islands. It frequents rocky shores, beaches strewn with kelp, and areas around penguin and seal colonies. Outside the breeding season, it disperses along ice-free coasts and to nearby subantarctic islands, occasionally visiting coastal settlements and research stations.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 300 m
Climate Zone
Polar
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The snowy sheathbill is the only truly land-based bird native to the Antarctic continent, often seen patrolling penguin and seal colonies. A versatile scavenger, it feeds on anything from intertidal invertebrates to carrion, eggs, and even feces, and will boldly investigate research stations. Its bill has a distinctive horny sheath and the face is bare and pink, giving it a uniquely pigeon-like yet un-gull appearance among seabird communities.
Temperament
bold, opportunistic, and inquisitive
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats in low, direct flights
Social Behavior
Often seen in pairs or small groups around seabird and seal colonies, where they defend feeding and nesting territories. Monogamous pairs nest in crevices, burrows, or under rocks, lining nests with vegetation, feathers, and debris. Clutches usually contain 2–3 eggs, with both parents sharing incubation and chick-rearing duties.
Migratory Pattern
Partial migrant
Song Description
Vocalizations include harsh croaks, clucks, and chatter, often delivered during displays or territorial encounters. Also gives sharp, repeated notes when alarmed or while chasing intruders.
Plumage
Mostly pure white, often appearing dirty or stained from foraging; compact, pigeon-like body with short tail and rounded wings.
Diet
An opportunistic omnivore and scavenger feeding on marine invertebrates, krill, and small fish along with carrion, eggs, and sometimes chicks of other seabirds. It readily consumes seal placenta, feces, and organic refuse around colonies. Kleptoparasitic behavior is common, stealing regurgitated food from penguins or scavenging leftovers at colonies and stations.
Preferred Environment
Forages along wrack lines on beaches, rocky intertidal zones, and around penguin and seal aggregations. Frequently searches near human settlements and research bases for scraps, and patrols tidepools and kelp beds.
