Region

Andes Mountains

Typical Environment

Occurs in humid montane forests of the Andes from southern Colombia through Ecuador into northern Peru. It favors dense understory, especially bamboo thickets, forest edges, and ravines within cloud forests. Birds keep low to mid-levels, moving methodically through mossy branches and leaf litter. The species tolerates selectively logged areas if understory remains intact, but is scarce in open or heavily degraded sites.

Altitude Range

1800–3300 m

Climate Zone

Highland

Temperament

shy and skulking

Flight Pattern

short rapid wingbeats

Social Behavior

Usually in pairs or small family groups, often keeping close contact in dense cover. Frequently joins mixed-species understory flocks. Nests are typically well concealed in thick vegetation, with a domed structure placed low above ground. Both parents participate in caring for young.

Migratory Pattern

Resident

Song Description

A fast, musical series of clear whistles and trills, delivered in lively phrases. Calls include sharp chips used to maintain contact in dense foliage.

Diet

Primarily small arthropods such as beetles, ants, caterpillars, and spiders gleaned from moss, bark crevices, and leaf litter. It probes bamboo culms and dead leaf clusters with its slender bill. Occasionally takes small berries, especially when insect availability is low.

Preferred Environment

Feeds in dense understory of cloud forests, especially in bamboo thickets and along shaded forest trails and ravines. Foraging occurs from ground level to the lower mid-story where cover is thick.