The rufous flycatcher is a Vulnerable species of bird in the family Tyrannidae, the tyrant flycatchers. It is considered endemic to Peru but has possibly occurred in Ecuador.
Region
Tumbesian region (northwest Peru and adjacent southwest Ecuador)
Typical Environment
Primarily inhabits coastal and intermontane dry forests, including Prosopis (algarrobo) woodlands, arid scrub, and thorny thickets. It favors semi-open areas with scattered trees, edges of remnant forest patches, and riparian thickets within the dry-forest mosaic. The species tolerates some disturbance and may occur near agricultural margins where suitable perches remain. Occasional reports in adjacent southwest Ecuador are considered possible but unconfirmed.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 800 m
Climate Zone
Arid
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
This Tumbesian dry-forest specialist is often seen perched conspicuously before sallying out to catch flying insects. Habitat loss and fragmentation of Peru’s coastal dry forests have led to population declines, earning it a Vulnerable status. It is largely restricted to Peru, with only tentative records from extreme southwest Ecuador.
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with frequent sallies
Social Behavior
Usually encountered singly or in pairs, perching upright on exposed branches or fence lines. Forms monogamous pairs during the breeding season and likely nests in natural cavities such as old woodpecker holes or tree cavities. Defends small territories in suitable dry-forest patches.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Gives a series of sharp, whistled notes and dry, snapping calls typical of Myiarchus flycatchers. Vocalizations are simple but carry well in open dry forest, aiding territory defense and pair contact.
Plumage
Typical Myiarchus with warm rufous tail and wing edgings, grayish-brown head and upperparts, pale throat, and buffy to yellowish underparts. Two pale wingbars are usually present, and the rufous in the tail is conspicuous in flight. Plumage is relatively plain but the overall warm rufous tones stand out against the gray-brown body.
Diet
Primarily hunts flying insects, including beetles, flies, wasps, and moths, captured by aerial sallies from exposed perches. Also gleans caterpillars and other arthropods from foliage and branches. Occasionally takes small fruits or berries, especially in the dry season when insects are less abundant.
Preferred Environment
Forages along forest edges, clearings, and semi-open woodlands with scattered trees that provide prominent perches. Utilizes thorn scrub and riparian thickets where insect activity is concentrated.
