The rufous hornbill, also known as the Philippine hornbill and locally as kalaw, is a large species of hornbill endemic to the Philippines. They are referred by locals as the "clock-of-the-mountains" due to its large booming call which typically occurs every hour. They inhabit moist tropical lowland forest areas. They are now considered to be a threatened species. Its reasons for decline include habitat destruction, hunting and poaching for the illegal pet trade.
Region
Philippine Archipelago
Typical Environment
Endemic to the Philippines, occurring on several larger islands including Luzon, Samar, Leyte, Bohol, and Mindanao, among others. It inhabits primary and mature secondary lowland evergreen forests, forest edges, and riverine forests. The species favors extensive tracts of intact canopy where large nesting trees are available. It may visit nearby clearings or cultivated areas to forage when fruiting trees are present.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1200 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
Also called the Philippine hornbill or kalaw, this large hornbill is famed for its deep, booming call, earning the nickname 'clock-of-the-mountains.' Females seal themselves inside a tree cavity during nesting, leaving only a slit through which the male passes food. As prolific fruit-eaters, they are vital seed dispersers for lowland Philippine forests. They are threatened by habitat loss and hunting.
A captive ssp. semigaleatus
A 2007 Philippine postal stamp incorrectly labelling a Rufous hornbill as a Writhed hornbill
Temperament
social and active
Flight Pattern
strong flier with heavy, audible wingbeats and short glides
Social Behavior
Usually found in pairs or small family groups; may gather at fruiting trees. Strong pair bonds are formed, and breeding takes place in large tree cavities. The female seals herself inside the nest cavity during incubation and early chick-rearing, while the male supplies food through a narrow slit.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Loud, resonant booms and honks that carry over long distances, often delivered at intervals like a metronome. Also produces grunts and cackles in social contexts.
