The Philippine eagle-owl is a vulnerable species of owl belonging to the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is found in lowland forests on the islands of Catanduanes, Samar, Bohol, Mindanao, Luzon, Leyte and possibly Sibuyan. While it is the largest owl in the Philippines, it is relatively small compared to other members of its genus. It is a vulnerable species with its population on the decline. Its main threats are habitat destruction, hunting and poaching for the pet trade.
Region
Philippine Archipelago
Typical Environment
Occurs on several Philippine islands including Luzon, Catanduanes, Samar, Leyte, Bohol, and Mindanao, with a strong association to lowland forest. It uses primary and secondary dipterocarp forest, riverine forest, and wooded swamps, often near streams and forest edges. The species tolerates some disturbance but requires sizable tracts of forest to breed successfully. Outside core forest, it may forage in adjacent clearings, agroforestry, and mangroves at night. Nesting typically occurs in large trees near water.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 1000 m
Climate Zone
Tropical
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
The Philippine eagle-owl is the largest owl native to the Philippines, noted for its striking orange eyes and prominent ear tufts. It favors lowland forests near rivers and wetlands and is highly sensitive to habitat loss. Pairs perform deep, booming duets at night to advertise territory. It is threatened by deforestation and illegal capture for the pet trade.
At Malagos Garden Resort, Davao City, Philippines
At captive bird in Avilon Zoo, Rodriguez, Rizal, Philippines
Depicted on a Philippine stamp from 2008
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
silent flier with strong, steady wingbeats and short glides between trees
Social Behavior
Primarily nocturnal, it hunts from perches along forest edges and waterways. Breeding pairs defend territories and may duet at night. Nests are placed in large tree cavities or secure forks, usually producing 1–2 eggs with both parents attending the young.
Migratory Pattern
Resident
Song Description
Deep, resonant hoots, often delivered in paired or repeating boom-like notes. Mated pairs produce duets that carry far through forested valleys at night.
