The phainopepla or northern phainopepla is the most northerly representative of the mainly tropical Central American family Ptiliogonatidae, the silky flycatchers. Its name is from the Greek phain pepla meaning "shining robe" in reference to the male's plumage.
Region
Southwestern United States and Mexico
Typical Environment
Found from California, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Texas south into Baja California and mainland northwestern Mexico. Breeds in desert washes and riparian corridors with mesquite, palo verde, and cottonwoods where mistletoe is abundant. Later in the season it often shifts to oak and chaparral woodlands, especially in coastal and foothill regions. It favors perches with commanding views for foraging sallies.
Altitude Range
Sea level to 2000 m
Climate Zone
Arid
Ease of Keeping
Beginner friendly: 1/5
A member of the silky-flycatcher family, the phainopepla is famed for the male’s glossy, jet-black plumage and erect crest, which inspired its Greek-derived name meaning “shining robe.” It is strongly tied to mistletoe, swallowing the berries whole and dispersing the seeds—an important role in desert ecosystems. Phainopeplas can mimic calls of other birds and flash striking white wing patches in flight. They often shift seasonally between desert riparian habitats and oak woodlands.
Male in flight showing white wing patches
Temperament
solitary and territorial
Flight Pattern
short rapid wingbeats with brief glides; agile aerial sallies
Social Behavior
Typically forms monogamous pairs during the breeding season and defends small territories near food-rich trees. Nests are shallow cups placed on horizontal branches, often in mesquite or other desert trees. Outside of breeding, birds may gather loosely at fruiting mistletoe clumps and roost communally.
Migratory Pattern
Seasonal migrant
Song Description
A varied series of clear whistles, soft churrrs, and musical notes, often delivered from a high exposed perch. Known to mimic other species, weaving borrowed phrases into its own song.
